Shiva is known by many names in Hindu scriptures. Yajurveda - one of the four Vedas, mentions a god named "Mahadeva" - who is later identified to be the same as Shiva. As the supreme yogi, Shiva is called Mahayogi. As the greatest God, he is known as Mahesha. To his three eyes are attributed his names Trinetra, Triambaka, Triaksha and Trinayana (Tri implies three while Netra, Ambaka, Aksha and Nayana imply eye).
Shiva, often depicted as a naked ascetic, is also called Digambara (He who has the sky as his garment). His name Shankara means the Giver of Joy while his name Shambhu means the Abode of Joy. Shiva is the eternal time or Mahakal. The moon that he carries on his head has given him the symbolic name Vyomkesha or he who has the sky as his hair. Chandrashekhar (or master of the moon) is also a name attributed to this feature. His name Siddheshwar is derived from his nature of a perfect being.
His trident (or Trishul) has earned him the name Trishuldhari while his being the cosmic tutor has given him the name Dakhshinamurthi. His abode is mount Kailash and thus his name Kailashpati. Since he is the lord of all creatures, he is called Pashupatinath while as the husband of Uma, he is called Umapati.
There is an interesting tale surrounding his name Neelkantha. A great many things appeared from the ocean during the churning of it, along with which appeared poison. To ensure that the universe were spared from the fatal effects of the poison, Shiva is said to have collected all the poison and drank it but did not allow it to go past his throat, which resulted in the poison remaining there and turning his neck blue, thus giving Shiva the name Neel Kantha (Blue Throated). 
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Hari Om Tat Sat ~ Har Har Mahadev ~ Shubh Ratri! 
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